Dialysis Technician Practice Exam

A patient who is fluid overloaded is likely to experience which symptoms?

1. Weight Loss and Sweating

2. Tachycardia, Hypertension, Dyspnea

3. Cold Extremities and Weak Pulse

4. Increased Urination and Dry Mouth

The correct answer is: Tachycardia, Hypertension, Dyspnea

When a patient is experiencing fluid overload, certain physiological responses occur due to the excess fluid in the body. Symptoms such as tachycardia (increased heart rate), hypertension (high blood pressure), and dyspnea (shortness of breath) are commonly observed. Tachycardia can result from the heart having to pump more vigorously to accommodate the increased volume of blood, leading to elevated blood pressure as the heart works harder against the additional fluid. Dyspnea occurs because excess fluid can accumulate in the lungs, making it difficult for patients to breathe comfortably. This reflects a state where the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are under stress, necessitating close monitoring and management. The other symptoms listed in the other choices do not align with fluid overload. For instance, weight loss and sweating would typically be associated with dehydration or a different medical condition, while cold extremities and weak pulse might indicate poor circulation or shock rather than fluid excess. Increased urination and dry mouth suggest dehydration rather than fluid overload, as the body typically tries to excrete excess fluid when overloaded.