Dialysis Technician Practice Exam

How is Hyponatremia characterized?

1. High Sodium

2. Normal Sodium

3. Low Sodium

4. Very High Sodium

The correct answer is: Low Sodium

Hyponatremia is characterized by a low concentration of sodium in the blood, which is typically defined as a serum sodium level of less than 135 mEq/L. Sodium is a vital electrolyte that plays an essential role in maintaining fluid balance and is critical for proper nerve and muscle function. When sodium levels drop, it can lead to various symptoms, including headache, nausea, confusion, and seizures, depending on the severity of the deficiency. The other options reflect different states of sodium levels in the body. High sodium refers to hypernatremia, which is a condition of elevated sodium levels, while normal sodium indicates that sodium levels are within the expected range. Very high sodium would also relate to hypernatremia. Therefore, low sodium is the defining characteristic of hyponatremia, making it the correct choice. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for effectively monitoring and managing patients with electrolyte imbalances.