Dialysis Technician Practice Exam

What is the medical term for elevated potassium levels in the blood?

1. Hypernatremia

2. Hyperkalemia

3. Hypokalemia

4. Hyponatremia

The correct answer is: Hyperkalemia

Elevated potassium levels in the blood are referred to as hyperkalemia. This condition occurs when the potassium concentration in the bloodstream exceeds the normal range, which is typically between 3.6 and 5.2 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a critical role in various bodily functions, particularly in maintaining heart and muscle function. When potassium levels become too high, it can lead to serious complications, including cardiac arrhythmias, which can be life-threatening. Understanding hyperkalemia is especially important in the context of dialysis and kidney function, as the kidneys are responsible for regulating potassium levels. Patients with kidney disease or those on dialysis are at increased risk of developing this condition due to their reduced ability to excrete potassium. In contrast, hypernatremia refers to high sodium levels, hypokalemia indicates low potassium levels, and hyponatremia signifies low sodium levels. These terms represent different electrolyte imbalances that can have their own unique clinical implications, but they are not related to elevated potassium levels.