Dialysis Technician Practice Exam

What is the term for the build-up of waxy proteins in soft tissues, bones, and joints in dialysis patients?

1. Fibrosis

2. Amyloidosis

3. Calcification

4. Osteoporosis

The correct answer is: Amyloidosis

The build-up of waxy proteins in soft tissues, bones, and joints in dialysis patients is known as amyloidosis. This condition occurs when an abnormal protein called amyloid accumulates in various tissues and organs. In patients with chronic kidney disease, particularly those on long-term dialysis, the body is unable to correctly metabolize certain proteins, leading to the deposition of amyloid in these areas. This can result in joint pain, stiffness, and may affect overall organ function, making it a significant concern for dialysis patients. In contrast, fibrosis refers to the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, which can occur in various medical conditions but is not specific to the waxy protein deposits seen in amyloidosis. Calcification involves the accumulation of calcium salts in body tissues, which can also occur in kidney disease but is distinct from the amyloid-related changes. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk, generally related to hormonal changes, nutrition, or age, rather than the specific protein build-up recognized in amyloidosis. Understanding these distinctions provides better insight into the complications arising from dialysis treatment and the associated risks.