Dialysis Technician Practice Exam

What terminology is used to describe elevated levels of sodium in the bloodstream?

1. Hypokalemia

2. Hypernatremia

3. Hyponatremia

4. Hypervolemia

The correct answer is: Hypernatremia

Elevated levels of sodium in the bloodstream are referred to as hypernatremia. This condition occurs when there is a higher concentration of sodium than normal, often due to factors such as dehydration, excessive sodium intake, or certain underlying medical conditions. It's important to understand that hypernatremia can result in cellular dehydration, as water moves out of cells to balance sodium concentrations, which can lead to serious health implications if not addressed. The other terms listed relate to different conditions. Hypokalemia refers to low levels of potassium in the bloodstream, which is distinct from sodium levels. Hyponatremia is the opposite of hypernatremia, indicating low sodium levels in the blood. Hypervolemia denotes an excess of fluid in the bloodstream, which also does not directly relate to elevated sodium levels. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment in a clinical setting, especially in the context of managing patients undergoing dialysis.