Dialysis Technician Practice Exam

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What waste product of muscle metabolism is removed by healthy kidneys?

Urea
Creatinine
Ammonia
Ketones

The correct answer is: Creatinine

The waste product of muscle metabolism that is primarily removed by healthy kidneys is creatinine. Creatinine is produced from the normal breakdown of muscle tissue and is a byproduct of the energy metabolism in muscles. The kidneys filter blood to remove excess creatinine, which is then excreted in urine. Creatinine levels in the blood are an important indicator of kidney function; elevated levels may suggest that the kidneys are not filtering waste effectively. The other waste products listed have different origins and processing by the body. For example, urea is produced from protein metabolism, ammonia is a product of amino acid deamination, and ketones are produced during fat metabolism, especially in states of fasting or uncontrolled diabetes. While all of these substances can also be removed by the kidneys, creatinine is the specific byproduct of muscle metabolism that the question highlights.