Dialysis Technician Practice Exam

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Which electrolyte imbalance might occur if calcium levels are not properly maintained in dialysis patients?

Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypocalcemia
Hyperphosphatemia

The correct answer is: Hypocalcemia

Hypocalcemia is a common electrolyte imbalance that can occur in dialysis patients if calcium levels are not properly maintained. During dialysis, calcium can be removed from the blood along with other waste products, especially if the dialysate solution is not adequately balanced with calcium. Patients with kidney failure often have difficulties regulating calcium levels due to impaired kidney function, which can contribute to lower serum calcium levels. In addition, certain dialysis practices or medications may further exacerbate the situation by increasing calcium loss or not replacing calcium sufficiently during treatment. Hypocalcemia can lead to symptoms such as muscle cramps, tingling in the lips and fingertips, and, in severe cases, cardiac issues or complications related to bone health, since calcium is crucial for various bodily functions. Maintaining balanced calcium levels is essential in the management of dialysis patients to prevent the complications associated with hypocalcemia.